The history of racial slavery in Mississippi is inevitably linked to the first Europeans’ attempts to build profitable colonies in the lower Mississippi Valley. The talk highlights the effect that different conceptions of racial complexions had on the establishment of plantations and how competing ideas about race strongly influenced the governance of plantation colonies. The location of the Natchez District enables a unique study of French, British, Spanish, and American legal systems, how enslaved people—especially women—and Natives navigated them, and the consequences of imperial shifts in a small liminal space. The talk is based on Dr. Christian Pinnen’s book Complexion of Empire in Natchez, which won the Book of the Year Award from the Mississippi Historical Society in 2022.